Satélites de Saturno

Autor: Leandro Alegsa Data de criação: 20 de maio de 2021

O planeta Saturno tem 53 luas nomeadas, e outras 29 que ainda estão sendo estudadas. Muitas das luas são muito pequenas: 33 têm menos de 10 km de diâmetro e treze luas têm menos de 50 km. Muitas das luas têm o nome de Titãs, Gigantes ou deuses gregos ou romanos menores. Algumas das luas de Saturno são muito grandes; a lua Titã é maior do que o planeta Mercúrio.

Luas confirmadas

As luas de Saturno são listadas aqui por período orbital (ou eixo semi-maior), do mais curto ao mais longo. As luas maciças o suficiente para que suas superfícies tenham caído em um esferóide são destacadas em negrito, enquanto as luas irregulares são listadas em fundo vermelho, laranja e cinza.

Chave
†Major luas geladas	♠Titan	Grupo ‡Inuit	grupo ♦Gallic	grupo ♣Norse

Muito recentemente, houve 20 novas descobertas de luas em Saturno que ainda não foram nomeadas.

Ordem

Etiqueta

Nome

Pronunciamento

Imagem

Diâmetro (km)

Massa
(×1015 kg)

Eixo semi-maior (km)

Período orbital (d)

Inclinação

Excentricidade

Posição

Discoveryyear

Descobridor

S/2009 S/2009 S/2009 S 1

—

≈ 0.3

< 0.0001

≈ 117000

≈ 0.47

≈ 0°

≈ 0

anel B externo

2009

Cassini

(lunetas)

—

0,04 a 0,4 (Earhart)

< 0.0001

≈ 130000

≈ 0.55

≈ 0°

≈ 0

Três faixas de 1000 km dentro do Anel A

2006

Cassini

XVIII

Panela

/ˈpæn/

A bright fuzzy band (rings of Saturn) is running from the left to right. In the center a bright irregularity shaped body is superimposed on its upper edge. A narrow grayish band, which is a part of the main band, partially covers the body.

28.2±2.6
(34 × 31 × 20)

4.95±0.75

133584

+0.57505

0.001°

0.000035

na Divisão Encke

1990

M. Showalter

XXXV

Daphnis Daphnis

/ˈdæfnɪs/

Two bright bands run from the left to right. In the narrow gap between them (Keeler gap), which has wavy edges, a small oblong object can be seen.

7.6±1.6
(9 × 8 × 6)

0.084±0.012

136505

+0.59408

≈ 0°

≈ 0

em Keeler Gap

2005

Cassini

Atlas Atlas

/ˈætləs/

30.2±1.8
(41 × 35 × 19)

6.6±0.045

137670

+0.60169

0.003°

0.0012

pastor de anéis externos

1980

Voyager 2

XVI

Prometeus Prometeus

/proʊˈmiːθiəs/

An irregularly shaped oblong body is fully illuminated. It is elongated in the direction from the right to left. Its surface is covered by craters. There is valley at the top.

86.2±5.4
(136 × 79 × 59)

159.5±1.5

139380

+0.61299

0.008°

0.0022

Pastor interno do Anel F

1980

Voyager 2

XVII

Pandora Pandora

/pænˈdɔːrə/

81.4±3.0
(104 × 81 × 64)

137.1±1.9

141720

+0.62850

0.050°

0.0042

Pastor de Anel F exterior

1980

Voyager 2

Epimeteus Epimeteus

/ɛpɪˈmiːθiəs/

A partially-illuminated irregular body, which has a shape remotely resembling a cube. The body's surface consists of ridges and valleys and is covered by craters.

116.2±3.6
(130 × 114 × 106)

526.6±0.6

151422

+0.69433

0.335°

0.0098

co-orbital com Janus

1977

J. Fountain, e S. Larson

Janus Janus

/ˈdʒeɪnəs/

179.0±2.8
(203 × 185 × 153)

1897.5±0.6

151472

+0.69466

0.165°

0.0068

co-orbital com Epimetheus

1966

A. Dollfus

LIII

Aegaeon Aegaeon

/iːˈdʒiːən/

≈ 0.5

≈ 0.0001

167500

+0.80812

0.001°

0.0002

G Anel lunar

2008

Cassini

Mimas †Mimas

/ˈmaɪməs/

A spherical body is half illuminated from the left. The terminator runs from the top to bottom in the vicinity of the right limb. A large crater with a central peak sits on the terminator slightly to the right and above the center of the body. It makes the body look like the Death Star. There are numerous smaller craters.

396.4±0.8
(416 × 393 × 381)

37493±31

185404

+0.942422

1.566°

0.0202

1789

W. Herschel

XXXII

Metanfetamina Metanfetamina

/mɪˈθoʊniː/

3.2±1.2

≈ 0.02

194440

+1.00957

0.007°

0.0001

Alkyonides

2004

Cassini

XLIX

Anthe Anthe

/ˈænθiː/

1.8

≈ 0.0015

197700

+1.05089

0.1°

0.0011

Alkyonides

2007

Cassini

XXXIII

Pallene Pallene

/pəˈliːniː/

In the center is Pallene, a moon of Saturn

5.0±1.2
(6 × 6 × 4)

≈ 0.05

212280

+1.15375

0.181°

0.0040

Alkyonides

2004

Cassini

Enceladus †Enceladus

/ɛnˈsɛlədəs/

A spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator runs from the top to bottom in the vicinity of the left limb. In the center and at the top there are heavily cratered areas.

504.2±0.4
(513 × 503 × 497)

108022±101

237950

+1.370218

0.010°

0.0047

Gera o anel E

1789

W. Herschel

III

Tethys †Tethys

/ˈtiːθɪs/

A spherical heavily cratered body is illuminated from the bottom. The terminator runs from the left to right in the vicinity of the top limb. There is a wide curved graben running from the center of the body to the bottom. It is Ithaca Chasma.

1062±1.2
(1077 × 1057 × 1053)

617449±132

294619

+1.887802

0.168°

0.0001

1684

G. Cassini

15a

XIII

Telesto Telesto

/tɪˈlɛstoʊ/

24.8±0.8
(33 × 24 × 20)

≈ 9.41

294619

+1.887802

1.158°

0.000

Tethys Trojan líder

1980

B. Smith, H. Reitsema, S. Larson, e J. Fountain

15b

XIV

Calypso Calypso

/kəˈlɪpsoʊ/

21.4±1.4
(30 × 23 × 14)

≈ 6.3

294619

+1.887802

1.473°

0.000

Tethys Trojan Tethys

1980

D. Pascu, P. Seidelmann, W. Baum, e D. Currie

Dione †Dione

/daɪˈoʊniː/

1122.8±0.8
(1128 × 1123 × 1119)

1095452±168

377396

+2.736915

0.002°

0.0022

1684

G. Cassini

18a

XII

Helene Helene

/ˈhɛlɪniː/

An irregularly shaped body illuminated from the left. Its surface is covered by numerous impact craters.

35.2±0.8
(43 × 38 × 26)

≈ 24.46

377396

+2.736915

0.212°

0.0022

troiano líder da Dione

1980

P. Laques e J. Lecacheux

18b

XXXIV

Poliduces Polideuces

/pɒliˈdjuːsiːz/

2.6±0.8
(3 × 2 × 1)

≈ 0.03

377396

+2.736915

0.177°

0.0192

Tróia Dione

2004

Cassini

Rhea †Rhea

/ˈriːə/

A spherical body is almost fully illuminated. The terminator is running near the top edge. The surface is covered by numerous craters. Two partially overlapping large craters can be seen above the center. One that is younger is above and to the right from the older one.

1527.0±1.2
(1530 × 1526 × 1525)

2306518±353

527108

+4.518212

0.327°

0.001258

1672

G. Cassini

Titã ♠Titan

/ˈtaɪtən/

An orange spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator is running from the top to bottom slightly to the left off the center. Both limb and terminator are fuzzy due to light scattering in the atmosphere.

5149.46±0.18
(5149 × 5149 × 5150)

134520000±20000

1221930

+15.94542

0.3485°

0.0288

1655

C. Huygens

VII

Hyperion †Hyperion

/haɪˈpɪəriən/

An irregularly shaped oblong body is illuminated from the left. The terminator is near the right limb. The body is elongated in the top-bottom direction. The surface is punctured by numerous impact craters, which make it look like a sponge or cheese.

270±8
(360 × 266 × 205)

5620±50

1481010

+21.27661

0.568°

0.123006

em 4:3 ressonância com Titan

1848

W. BondG
. Bond
W. Lassell

VIII

Iapetus †Iapetus

/aɪˈæpɪtəs/

1468.6±5.6
(1491 × 1491 × 1424)

1805635±375

3560820

+79.3215

15.47°

0.028613

1671

G. Cassini

XXIV

Kiviuq ‡Kiviuq

/ˈkɪviək/

≈ 16

≈ 2.79

11294800

+448.16

49.087°

0.3288

Grupo Inuit

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

XXII

Ijiraq ‡Ijiraq

/ˈiːɪrɒk/

≈ 12

≈ 1.18

11355316

+451.77

50.212°

0.3161

Grupo Inuit

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

Febe ♣†Phoebe

/ˈfiːbiː/

An approximately spherical heavily cratered body is illuminated from the bottom-right. The terminator runs near the left and top limbs. There is huge crater at the top, which affects the shape, and another slightly smaller at the bottom.

213.0±1.4
(219 × 217 × 204)

8292±10

12869700

−545.09

173.047°

0.156242

Grupo Norse

1899

W. Pickering

Paaliaq ‡Paaliaq

/ˈpɑːliɒk/

≈ 22

≈ 7.25

15103400

+692.98

46.151°

0.3631

Grupo Inuit

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

XXVII

Skathi ♣Skathi

/ˈskɒði/

≈ 8

≈ 0.35

15672500

−732.52

149.084°

0.246

Grupo Norse (Skathi)

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

XXVI

Albiorix ♦Albiorix

/ˌælbiˈɒrɪks/

≈ 32

≈ 22.3

16266700

+774.58

38.042°

0.477

Grupo Gálico

2000

M. Holman

S/2007A ♣S/2007 S 2

—

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

16560000

−792.96

176.68°

0.2418

Grupo Norse

2007

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna, B. Marsden

XXXVII

Bebhionn ♦Bebhionn

/bɛˈviːn/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

17153520

+838.77

40.484°

0.333

Grupo Gálico

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XXVIII

Erriapus ♦Erriapus

/ɛriˈæpəs/

≈ 10

≈ 0.68

17236900

+844.89

38.109°

0.4724

Grupo Gálico

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

XLVII

Skoll ♣Skoll

/ˈskɒl/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

17473800

−862.37

155.624°

0.418

Grupo Norse (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XXIX

Siarnaq ‡Siarnaq

/ˈsiːɑːrnək/

≈ 40

≈ 43.5

17776600

+884.88

45.798°

0.24961

Grupo Inuit

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

LII

Tarqeq ‡Tarqeq

/ˈtɑːrkeɪk/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

17910600

+894.86

49.904°

0.1081

Grupo Inuit

2007

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

S/2004B ♣S/2004 S 13

—

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18056300

−905.85

167.379°

0.261

Grupo Norse

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

Greip ♣Greip

/ˈɡreɪp/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18065700

−906.56

172.666°

0.3735

Grupo Norse

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XLIV

Hyrrokkin ♣Hyrrokkin

/hɪˈrɒkɪn/

≈ 8

≈ 0.35

18168300

−914.29

153.272°

0.3604

Grupo Norse (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

Jarnsaxa ♣Jarnsaxa

/jɑːrnˈsæksə/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18556900

−943.78

162.861°

0.1918

Grupo Norse

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XXI

Tarvos ♦Tarvos

/ˈtɑːrvəs/

≈ 15

≈ 2.3

18562800

+944.23

34.679°

0.5305

Grupo Gálico

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

XXV

Mundilfari ♣Mundilfari

/mʊndəlˈværi/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

18725800

−956.70

169.378°

0.198

Grupo Norse

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

S/2006 ♣S/2006 S 1

—

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18930200

−972.41

154.232°

0.1303

Grupo Norse (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D.C. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

S/2004C ♣S/2004 S 17

—

≈ 4

≈ 0.05

19099200

−985.45

166.881°

0.226

Grupo Norse

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XXXVIII

Bergelmir ♣Bergelmir

/bɛərˈjɛlmɪər/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

19104000

−985.83

157.384°

0.152

Grupo Norse (Skathi)

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XXXI

Narvi ♣Narvi

/ˈnɑːrvi/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

19395200

−1008.45

137.292°

0.320

Grupo Norse (Narvi)

2003

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XXIII

Suttungr ♣Suttungr

/ˈsʊtʊŋɡər/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

19579000

−1022.82

174.321°

0.131

Grupo Norse

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

XLIII

Hachi ♣Hati

/ˈhɑːti/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

19709300

−1033.05

163.131°

0.291

Grupo Norse

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

S/2004A ♣S/2004 S 12

—

≈ 5

≈ 0.09

19905900

−1048.54

164.042°

0.396

Grupo Norse

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

Farbauti ♣Farbauti

/fɑːrˈbaʊti/

≈ 5

≈ 0.09

19984800

−1054.78

158.361°

0.209

Grupo Norse (Skathi)

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XXX

Thrymr ♣Thrymr

/ˈθrɪmər/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

20278100

−1078.09

174.524°

0.453

Grupo Norse

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

XXXVI

Aegir ♣Aegir

/ˈaɪ. ɪər/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

20482900

−1094.46

167.425°

0.237

Grupo Norse

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

S/2007B ♣S/2007 S 3

—

≈ 5

≈ 0.09

20518500

≈ −1100

177.22°

0.130

Grupo Norse

2007

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XXXIX

Bestla ♣Bestla

/ˈbɛstlə/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

20570000

−1101.45

147.395°

0.5145

Grupo Norse (Narvi)

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

S/2007C ♣S/2004 S 7

—

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

20576700

−1101.99

165.596°

0.5299

Grupo Norse

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

S/2006 ♣S/2006 S 3

—

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

21076300

−1142.37

150.817°

0.4710

Grupo Norse (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XLI

Fenrir ♣Fenrir

/ˈfɛnrɪər/

≈ 4

≈ 0.05

21930644

−1212.53

162.832°

0.131

Grupo Norse

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XLVIII

Surtur ♣Surtur

/ˈsɜːrtər/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

22288916

−1242.36

166.918°

0.3680

Grupo Norse

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XLV

Kari ♣Kari

/ˈkɑːri/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

22321200

−1245.06

148.384°

0.3405

Grupo Norse (Skathi)

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XIX

Ymir ♣Ymir

/ˈɪmɪər/

≈ 18

≈ 3.97

22429673

−1254.15

172.143°

0.3349

Grupo Norse

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

XLVI

Loge ♣Loge

/ˈlɔɪ. ˈlɔɪ/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

22984322

−1300.95

166.539°

0.1390

Grupo Norse

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

XLII

Fornjot ♣Fornjot

/ˈfɔːrnjɒt/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

24504879

−1432.16

167.886°

0.186

Grupo Norse

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

Luas não confirmadas

Os seguintes objetos (observados pela Cassini) não foram confirmados como corpos sólidos. Ainda não está claro se estes são verdadeiros satélites ou apenas tufos persistentes dentro do Anel F.

Nome	Imagem	Diâmetro (km)	Semi-majoreixo (km)	Período orbital (d)	Posição	Ano de Descoberta
S/2004 S 6		≈ 3–5	≈ 140130	+0.61801	objetos incertos ao redor do Anel F	2004
S/2004 S 3/S 4		≈ 3–5	≈ 140300	≈ +0.619	objetos incertos ao redor do Anel F	2004

Luas hipotéticas

Duas luas foram descobertas por astrônomos diferentes, mas nunca mais foram vistas novamente. Dizia-se que ambas as luas orbitavam entre Titan e Hyperion.

Chiron que foi supostamente avistado por Hermann Goldschmidt em 1861, mas nunca observado por ninguém mais.
Themis foi supostamente descoberto em 1905 pelo astrônomo William Pickering, mas nunca mais foi visto novamente. No entanto, foi incluído em numerosos livros de almanaque e astronomia até os anos 60.